Telehealth Across State Lines

Johns Hopkins Medicine is working to make it easier for patients to see their doctors online through telehealth.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, video visits with doctors became common, and people saw how well they work. Since then, some states have updated their rules to make it easier for doctors to treat patients in other states through telehealth. But, many states still have rules that make this difficult.
Johns Hopkins Medicine believes this needs to change. We’re pushing for new national rules that would let patients see the doctors they know and trust — no matter which state they live in.
Licensure Innovation for Telehealth Transformation (LIFTT)
Johns Hopkins has teamed up with the American Telemedicine Association to lead the LIFTT initiative (Licensure Innovation for Telehealth Transformation).
The goal of LIFTT is to help the public and lawmakers understand why we need new federal rules to improve telehealth access across the country. Over the next three years, LIFTT will work to spread the word about how state licensing rules make it hard for patients to get care — and push for changes that will make telehealth easier to access for patients everywhere.
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, temporary rules made it easier for patients to have video visits with doctors in other states. But now that those rules have ended, it is harder to schedule these appointments. Many states have gone back to their old, stricter rules about which doctors can treat patients. This means patients often can’t get care through telehealth from doctors who live in a different state.
Doctors must typically be licensed in the state where their patient is located at the time of care. People affected most by cross-state telehealth restrictions include:
- People with rare diseases and cancers
- College students who live out of state for school
- Clinical trial participants who don’t live near academic medical centers
- Patients with palliative care needs
- Transplant recipients
- People who need mental health services
- People who live in rural areas
- People with complex or chronic conditions traveling out of their home state
While there has been incremental progress over the past 10 years to promote reform, enacting change still requires state-by-state adoption.
Learn More About the Impact of Interstate Telehealth Barriers
Read more about this storyThe LIFTT initiative is a three-year effort to help people understand why state licensing rules make it hard for patients to get telehealth care and to push for changes that will fix this problem.
Johns Hopkins Medicine and the American Telemedicine Association are nonprofit organizations. They are working together with partners across the country to spread the word about this issue. Our plan is to educate patients, doctors, health systems and lawmakers about why reform is needed now. The goal isn’t to get rid of state rules. It’s to add a simple federal approach that works alongside them, so doctors can treat patients in other states when care is urgent or hard to find locally.
We are seeking support for the LIFTT initiative. Together, we can improve interstate telehealth access and drive meaningful change. Join us in building on the current momentum to address this critical issue, ensuring continuity of care and access to rare specialty services.
You can contact us by email at [email protected]Events
-
On Sept. 19, 2024, the Bridging State Borders for Patient Care: A Telehealth Hack-A-Thon brought together leaders from health care, law, advocacy and policy sectors to address the challenges of cross-state telehealth.
The event aimed to create action plans to overcome state licensure barriers — particularly for urgent clinical situations like cancer care, transplant medicine, rare diseases, student mental health and clinical trials — while balancing ideal future goals with practical timelines. Participants discussed actionable plans and utilized resources such as the Consensus Statement for Telehealth Licensure Reforms and the Uniform Telehealth Act to aid advocacy.
The collective effort seeks to create easier pathways for patients to access care across state lines, and contributions to this initiative are welcomed. Join us in crafting and enacting solutions to the barrier of cross state care. -
Removing Licensure Barriers to Interstate Telehealth was a policy summit held on May 20, 2025, in Washington, D.C. Around 50 participants—policymakers, clinicians, regulators, and advocates—gathered for panels, breakout sessions, and group exercises to explore ways to make telehealth work better across state lines. The event reviewed practical steps, shared patient stories, and mapped next actions to promote federal or hybrid solutions that let providers care for patients in other states while respecting local laws.
Participants focused on two leading ideas: a national "continuity of care" model and telehealth registries. Continuity of care stood out as a politically practical way to formalize how clinicians already follow up with out-of-state patients, offering clarity and protection without upending practice. Registries—either targeted for high-need groups or broader national lists—were seen as another promising tool to connect patients with specialists, though they would need clear governance and state incentives. Attendees agreed progress will require funding, legal clarity, and champions to turn these ideas into policy.
Patient Videos
Telehealth Across State Lines | Kim Eboch’s Story
Telehealth Across State Lines: Patient Stories
-
-
The following resources are intended for informational purposes only. These materials do not necessarily express the opinions of Johns Hopkins Medicine. These links are for convenience only, and the mention of any product, service, organization, activity or therapy are not intended to indicate an endorsement by or affiliation with Johns Hopkins Medicine.
- The Appropriate Use of Telemedicine Technologies in the Practice of Medicine
- Authority of VA Professional To Practice Health Care
- Consensus Statement for Telehealth Licensure Reforms
- Expanding Behavioral Health Care Workforce Participation in Medicare, Medicaid and Marketplace Plans (2024)
- Medicare Telehealth Trends Data – Quarterly Update (January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2024)
- Health-care Specialists and Patients Fight for Right to Telehealth
- Positioning Telehealth Policy to Ensure High-Quality, Cost-Effective Care July 2024
- Quick Licensure Primer
- Removing Barriers to Telehealth Mental Health Treatment for College Students
- Resources from the Future of Telehealth Regulations Symposium
- Sports Medicine Licensure Clarity Act
- State Medical Boards and Interstate Telemedicine in the Courtroom
- Uniform Telehealth Act
- Veterans Auto and Education Improvement Act of 2022
- Washington Department of Health Medical Commission Telemedicine Policy 2021
- Washington Department of Health Board of Osteopathic Medicine & Surgery Telemedicine Policy
-
The following resources are intended for informational purposes only. These materials do not necessarily express the opinions of Johns Hopkins Medicine. These links are for convenience only, and the mention of any product, service, organization, activity or therapy are not intended to indicate an endorsement by or affiliation with Johns Hopkins Medicine.
- Policy Considerations To Ensure Telemedicine Equity.
Khoong EC.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2022 May;41(5):643-646. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00300.
PMID: 35500190 - Digitally-enabled remote critical care: the challenges of geography and history?
Bryden D, Parry-Jones J, Gardiner D, Bevan R, Mahajan R.
Br J Anaesth. 2023 Aug;131(2):212-214. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.04.011. Epub 2023 May 18.
PMID: 37210280 Free PMC article. - Telemedicine in the driver's seat: new role for primary care access in Brazil and Canada: The Besrour Papers: a series on the state of family medicine in Canada and Brazil.
Agarwal P, Kithulegoda N, Umpierre R, Pawlovich J, Pfeil JN, D'Avila OP, Goncalves M, Harzheim E, Ponka D.
Can Fam Physician. 2020 Feb;66(2):104-111.
PMID: 32060190 Free PMC article. Review. - Telenephrology: An Emerging Platform for Delivering Renal Health Care.
Koraishy FM, Rohatgi R.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2020 Sep;76(3):417-426. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.02.442. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
PMID: 32507291 Review. - Provision of telemental health before and after COVID-19 onset.
Iott B, Doan TT.
Am J Manag Care. 2023 Mar;29(3):118-123. doi: 10.37765/ajmc.2023.89326.
PMID: 36947013 - The use of telemedicine in the management of acute stroke.
Rubin MN, Demaerschalk BM.
Neurosurg Focus. 2014 Jan;36(1):E4. doi: 10.3171/2013.11.FOCUS13428.
PMID: 24380481 Review. - HIV Subspecialty Care in Correctional Facilities Using Telemedicine.
Young JD, Patel M.
J Correct Health Care. 2015 Apr;21(2):177-85. doi: 10.1177/1078345815572863.
PMID: 25788612 - Racial and Ethnic Differences in Telemedicine Use.
Marcondes FO, Normand ST, Le Cook B, Huskamp HA, Rodriguez JA, Barnett ML, Uscher-Pines L, Busch AB, Mehrotra A.
JAMA Health Forum. 2024 Mar 1;5(3):e240131. doi: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.0131.
PMID: 38517424 Free PMC article. - Telemedicine and the academic health center: the University of Michigan health system model.
Shannon GW, Bashshur R, Kratochwill E, DeWitt J.
Telemed J E Health. 2005 Oct;11(5):530-41. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2005.11.530.
PMID: 16250816 Review. - A New Era: The Growth of Video-Based Visits for Remote Management of Persons with Parkinson's Disease.
Larson DN, Schneider RB, Simuni T.
J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(s1):S27-S34. doi: 10.3233/JPD-202381.
PMID: 33492246 Free PMC article. Review. - Resource and Infrastructure-Appropriate Management of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Chandrashekhar Y, Alexander T, Mullasari A, Kumbhani DJ, Alam S, Alexanderson E, Bachani D, Wilhelmus Badenhorst JC, Baliga R, Bax JJ, Bhatt DL, Bossone E, Botelho R, Chakraborthy RN, Chazal RA, Dhaliwal RS, Gamra H, Harikrishnan SP, Jeilan M, Kettles DI, Mehta S, Mohanan PP, Kurt Naber C, Naik N, Ntsekhe M, Otieno HA, Pais P, Piñeiro DJ, Prabhakaran D, Reddy KS, Redha M, Roy A, Sharma M, Shor R, Adriaan Snyders F, Weii Chieh Tan J, Valentine CM, Wilson BH, Yusuf S, Narula J.
Circulation. 2020 Jun 16;141(24):2004-2025. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041297. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
PMID: 32539609 Review. - Improving experience of medical abortion at home in a changing therapeutic, technological and regulatory landscape: a realist review.
Baraitser P, Free C, Norman WV, Lewandowska M, Meiksin R, Palmer MJ, Scott R, French R, Wellings K, Ivory A, Wong G; SACHA study team.
BMJ Open. 2022 Nov 16;12(11):e066650. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066650.
PMID: 36385017 Free PMC article. Review. - Rural eHealth paradox: it's not just geography!
Liaw ST, Humphreys JS.
Aust J Rural Health. 2006 Jun;14(3):95-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2006.00786.x.
PMID: 16706876 No abstract available. - Geographic disparities in telemedicine mental health use by applying three way ANOVA on Medicaid claims population data.
Ukert B, Lawley M, Kum HC.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Apr 22;24(1):494. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-10898-0.
PMID: 38649985 Free PMC article. - United States Medicolegal Progress and Innovation in Telemedicine in the Age of COVID-19: A Primer for Neurosurgeons.
Cruz MJ, Nieblas-Bedolla E, Young CC, Feroze AH, Williams JR, Ellenbogen RG, Levitt MR.
Neurosurgery. 2021 Aug 16;89(3):364-371. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyab185.
PMID: 34133724 Free PMC article. - Mental health monitoring apps for depression and anxiety in children and young people: A scoping review and critical ecological analysis.
Williams JE, Pykett J.
Soc Sci Med. 2022 Mar;297:114802. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114802. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
PMID: 35192989 Review. - Accessing voluntary assisted dying in regional Western Australia: early reflections from key stakeholders.
Haining CM, Willmott L, White BP.
Rural Remote Health. 2023 Oct;23(4):8024. doi: 10.22605/RRH8024. Epub 2023 Oct 26.
PMID: 37883790 - Provider-to-provider telehealth for sepsis patients in a cohort of rural emergency departments.
Mohr NM, Young T, Vakkalanka JP, Carter KD, Shane DM, Ullrich F, Schuette AR, Mack LJ, DeJong K, Bell A, Pals M, Camargo CA Jr, Zachrison KS, Boggs KM, Skibbe A, Ward MM.
Acad Emerg Med. 2024 Apr;31(4):326-338. doi: 10.1111/acem.14857. Epub 2024 Jan 24.
PMID: 38112033 - Trends and disparities in telehealth use among Louisiana Medicaid beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes.
Shao Y, Shi L, Nauman E, Price-Haywood E, Stoecker C.
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Sep;25(9):2680-2688. doi: 10.1111/dom.15155. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
PMID: 37340211 - Low availability, long wait times, and high geographic disparity of psychiatric outpatient care in the US.
Sun CF, Correll CU, Trestman RL, Lin Y, Xie H, Hankey MS, Uymatiao RP, Patel RT, Metsutnan VL, McDaid EC, Saha A, Kuo C, Lewis P, Bhatt SH, Lipphard LE, Kablinger AS.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2023 Sep-Oct;84:12-17. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.05.012. Epub 2023 May 25.
PMID: 37290263 - "Beyond Just a Supplement": Administrators' Visions for the Future of Virtual Primary Care Services.
Fraze TK, Beidler LB, De Marchis EH, Gottlieb LM, Potter MB.
J Am Board Fam Med. 2022 May-Jun;35(3):527-536. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.03.210479.
PMID: 35641035 Free PMC article. - Utilizing patient geographic information system data to plan telemedicine service locations.
Soares N, Dewalle J, Marsh B.
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017 Sep 1;24(5):891-896. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocx011.
PMID: 28339932 Free PMC article. - Recent Telehealth Utilization at a Large Federally Qualified Health Center System: Evidence of Disparities Even Within Telehealth Modalities.
Weber E, Miller SJ, Shroff N, Beyrouty M, Calman N.
Telemed J E Health. 2023 Nov;29(11):1601-1612. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0511. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
PMID: 36961396 - How to Best Protect People With Diabetes From the Impact of SARS-CoV-2: Report of the International COVID-19 and Diabetes Summit.
Zhang JY, Shang T, Ahn D, Chen K, Coté G, Espinoza J, Mendez CE, Spanakis EK, Thompson B, Wallia A, Wisk LE, Kerr D, Klonoff DC.
J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021 Mar;15(2):478-514. doi: 10.1177/1932296820978399. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
PMID: 33476193 Free PMC article. - Unintended Consequences of mHealth Interactive Voice Messages Promoting Contraceptive Use After Menstrual Regulation in Bangladesh: Intimate Partner Violence Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Reiss K, Andersen K, Pearson E, Biswas K, Taleb F, Ngo TD, Hossain A, Barnard S, Smith C, Carpenter J, Menzel J, Footman K, Keenan K, Douthwaite M, Reena Y, Mahmood HR, Tabbassum T, Colombini M, Bacchus L, Church K.
Glob Health Sci Pract. 2019 Sep 26;7(3):386-403. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00015. Print 2019 Sep.
PMID: 31558596 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial. - Establishing Successful Patient-Centered Medical Homes in Rural Hawai'i: Three Strategies to Consider.
Scribner MN, Kehoe K.
Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2017 Mar;76(3 Suppl 1):18-23.
PMID: 28435754 Free PMC article. - Use of telehealth technology to extend child protection team services.
Pammer W, Haney M, Lmhc N, Wood BM, Brooks RG, Morse K, Hicks P, Handler EG, Rogers H, Jennett P.
Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):584-90. doi: 10.1542/peds.108.3.584.
PMID: 11533322 - [Electronic health records in high complexity hospitals: a report on the implementation process from the telehealth perspective].
Silva AB, Guedes ACCM, Síndico SRF, Vieira ETRC, Filha IGA.
Cien Saude Colet. 2019 Mar;24(3):1133-1142. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232018243.05982017.
PMID: 30892533 Portuguese. - Using web technology to support population-based diabetes care.
Cunningham S, McAlpine R, Leese G, Brennan G, Sullivan F, Connacher A, Waller A, Boyle DI, Greene S, Wilson E, Emslie-Smith A, Morris AD.
J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011 May 1;5(3):523-34. doi: 10.1177/193229681100500307.
PMID: 21722568 Free PMC article. - A rationale and framework for seeking remote electronic or phone consent approval in endovascular stroke trials - special relevance in the COVID-19 environment and beyond.
Rai AT, Frei D.
J Neurointerv Surg. 2020 Jul;12(7):654-657. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016221. Epub 2020 May 7.
PMID: 32381522 Free PMC article. - The use of deployable telehealth centers by military beneficiaries to access behavioral healthcare: an exploratory evaluation in American Samoa.
Mishkind MC, Martin S, Husky G, Miyahira SD, Gahm GA.
Telemed J E Health. 2012 Dec;18(10):729-35. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2012.0023. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
PMID: 23078182 - Improvement of tuberculosis laboratory capacity on Pemba Island, Zanzibar: a health cooperation project.
Paglia MG, Bevilacqua N, Haji HS, Vairo F, Girardi E, Nicastri E, Muhsin J, Racalbuto V, Jiddawi MS, Ippolito G.
PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e44109. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044109. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
PMID: 22952891 Free PMC article. - Digital health and the COVID-19 epidemic: an assessment framework for apps from an epidemiological and legal perspective.
Vokinger KN, Nittas V, Witt CM, Fabrikant SI, von Wyl V.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2020 May 17;150:w20282. doi: 10.4414/smw.2020.20282. eCollection 2020 May 4.
PMID: 32418194 - Telehealth as gatekeeper: policy implications for geography and scope of services.
Kraetschmer NM, Deber RB, Dick P, Jennett P.
Telemed J E Health. 2009 Sep;15(7):655-63. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2009.0004.
PMID: 19694587 - Assessment of state measures of risk-appropriate care for very low birth weight infants and recommendations for enhancing regionalized state systems.
Nowakowski L, Barfield WD, Kroelinger CD, Lauver CB, Lawler MH, White VA, Ramos LR.
Matern Child Health J. 2012 Jan;16(1):217-27. doi: 10.1007/s10995-010-0721-5.
PMID: 21181248 - Distributive justice and rural healthcare: a case for e-health.
Bauer K.
Int J Appl Philos. 2003 Fall;17(2):241-52. doi: 10.5840/ijap200317218.
PMID: 15462038 - Implementation of a national, nurse-led telephone health service in Scotland: assessing the consequences for remote and rural localities.
Roberts A, Heaney D, Haddow G, O'Donnell CA.
Rural Remote Health. 2009 Apr-Jun;9(2):1079. Epub 2009 Apr 3.
PMID: 19368490 - The convergence of medicine and telecommunication: implications for patient care.
Varshney NK.
Princet J Bioeth. 1999 Spring;2(1):18-32.
PMID: 11658140 No abstract available. - Rural health care: innovations in policy and practice.
[No authors listed]
Issue Brief (Grantmakers Health). 2009 Mar;(34):i-v, 1-37.
PMID: 19691171 - Comparison of Telemedicine Usage at Two Distinct Medicaid-Focused Pediatric Clinics.
Chilukuri N, Links AR, Prichett L, Tschudy M, Showell N, Polk S, Perrin EM, Hughes HK.
Telemed J E Health. 2024 Oct;30(10):2555-2562. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0707. Epub 2024 Jun 28.
PMID: 38938205 - Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Disparities in Audio-Only Telemedicine Utilization Across a Large Academic Health System.
Sadauskas L, Commodore-Mensah Y, Wu C, Taylor CO, Epstein JA, Stackhouse BK, Hasselfeld BW, Hughes HK.
Telemed J E Health. 2024 Jan;30(1):47-56. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0050. Epub 2023 Jun 30.
PMID: 37389845 - Provider Perspectives Regarding Ambulatory Telemedicine at a Large Academic Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Hasselfeld BW, Links AR, Claus LE, Canino R, Sisson SD, Hughes HK.
Telemed J E Health. 2023 Nov;29(11):1696-1704. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0483. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
PMID: 36940314
- Policy Considerations To Ensure Telemedicine Equity.
Learn More Advocating for Telemedicine
-
Telemedicine is a godsend
Opinion by CEO Paul Rothman (2012 - 2022) and President Kevin Sowers
-
A national crisis requires a national response
Opinion by Brian Hasselfeld and Baligh Yehia
-
Statement for the Record: US House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health
Submitted by Brian Hasselfield
-
Access to telehealth preserved through new law
WMAR Baltimore