Screening (ie, testing in persons who do not have signs or symptoms) is one of the critical tenets in the control of communicable diseases, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Screening may result in increased identification of cases in the short term, but early detection and treatment over time should lead to enhanced syphilis control. Although the USPSTF has been promoting syphilis screening for years, uptake in key populations, such as people with HIV and MSM, has been poor,5,6 indicating the need for improvement.