Introduction: We performed a cross-sectional study of HIV-uninfected men and women who inject drugs from the ALIVE cohort to examine if black men and women who inject drugs have higher levels of CD4+ T cells expressing the integrin heterodimer α4β7 compared to white men and women.

Materials and methods: Flow cytometry was used to examine expression of α4β7 and other markers associated with different functional CD4+ T cell subsets in both men and women who inject drugs.

Results: Higher levels of α4β7, CCR5, and CCR6 were observed on CD4+ T cells from black participants compared with white participants. In a multivariable model, α4β7 expression differed by race, but not sex, age, or other factors.

Discussion: Black men and women express higher percentages of α4β7 expressing CD4+ T cells, which may play a role in HIV disease.