The overall goal of our tuberculosis (TB) Aftermath study is to identify, implement and measure feasible case finding strategies and identify key populations to screen among treated TB patients in India. TB Aftermath will compare effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and feasibility of two active case finding (ACF) strategies that are presently being considered by the Indian National TB Control Programs (RNTCP) for detecting recurrent TB and provide evidence needed to implement and scale the preferred intervention. TB Aftermath will answer key questions in a population that is often ignored by the TB community once treatment is complete, despite being at considerable risk for recurrent TB disease. We will provide evidence for an effective and scalable strategy targeting HHs of treated TB cases, a high priority of the RNTCP. Our high TB burden setting, strong multidisciplinary team, communication with the RNTCP and state TB program, and proven research infrastructure ensures successful implementation of TB Aftermath.