The Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) in Uganda is a Research and Care Center of Excellence and has already established research programs in HIV and co-infections under the previous Heads of Research (Y. Manabe, and A Kambugu, previous Program Director and Uganda Program Director respectively). The current Head of Research (B Castelnuovo- proposed Program Director in this Cycle), has worked closely with Dr Manabe and Dr Kambugu for the last 10 years, when she was the Head of the Research Capacity Building Unit and Deputy Head of Research. We plan to train 9 master students, 2 PhD students and 5 post-doctoral students at Makerere University, Uganda. Our previous 5-year cycle has solidified a core group of productive, independent scientists through post-doctoral training who can now act as local mentors. We will shift the leadership of the training program from the US to the Uganda Institution in order to ensure sustainable research capacity building. We will also encourage a peer-to-peer mentorship model among scientists with the same level of experience to expand the impact of training. International mentors will still play a key role in overall mentorship of the local experts particularly to expand research networks and to provide grant-writing support. At the end of this 5-year training program, our overarching objective is to solidify a core group of expert, productive, independent scientists who can promote sustainable capacity building by garnering outside funding, continuing to mentor others including peers, and be recognized as international, regional leaders and mentors in the area of HIV co-infections.