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Ciccarone Center Research

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Nutrition, Vitamins, Supplements

Vitamin D and subclinical cerebrovascular disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
By: Michos ED, Carson KA, Schneider AL, Lutsey PL, Xing L, Sharrett AR, Alonso A, Coker LH, Gross M, Post W, Mosley TH, Gottesman RF.
single measure of 25-hydroxy vitamin D was not cross-sectionally associated with white matter hyper-intensities grade or prevalent subclinical infarcts and was not prospectively associated with their progression or subclinical brain infarcts seen on serial cerebral MRIs obtained approximately 10 years apart.
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Invited commentary: the association of low vitamin D with cardiovascular disease — getting at the “heart and soul” of the relationship.
By: Schneider AL, Michos ED.
The authors place the results from the Heart and Soul study in context with the existing literature and propose future directions for vitamin D research.
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Vitamin D and cognitive function and dementia risk in a biracial cohort: the ARIC Brain MRI Study.
By: Schneider AL, Lutsey PL, Alonso A, Gottesman RF, Sharrett AR, Carson KA, Gross M, Post WS, Knopman DS, Mosley TH, Michos ED.
This study of late middle age white and black participants did not find significant associations between lower levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D with lower cognitive test scores at baseline, change in scores over time or dementia risk.
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2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults.
By: Abd TT, Misra S, Ojeifo O, Martin SS, Blumenthal RS, Foody J, Wong ND.
The authors sought to answer five critical questions, addressing 1) expected health benefits of weight loss; 2) cut points for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference; 3) dietary interventions most effective for weight loss; 4) the efficacy of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention programs; and 5) bariatric surgery.
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Ethnic and sex differences in fatty liver on cardiac computed tomography: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
By: Tota-Maharaj R, Blaha MJ, Zeb I, Katz R, Blankstein R, Blumenthal RS, Budoff MJ, Nasir K.
African-Americans have a lower prevalence, and Hispanics have a higher prevalence, of fatty liver than do other ethnicities. There are distinct ethnic variations in the prevalence of fatty liver even in patients with the metabolic syndrome or obesity, suggesting that genetic factors may play a substantial role in the phenotypic expression of fatty liver.
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2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk.
By: Abd TT, Misra S, Ojeifo O, Martin SS, Blumenthal RS, Foody J, Wong ND.
The 2013 lifestyle guidelines provide guidance in three narrowly focused areas: 1) the effect of dietary patterns and macronutrient composition on CVD risk factors; 2) the effect of sodium and potassium on CVD risk factors; and 3) the effect of physical activity on blood pressure and lipids.
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Serum phosphate is associated with aortic valve calcification in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
By: Linefsky JP, O’Brien KD, Sachs M, Katz R, Eng J, Michos ED, Budoff MJ, de Boer I, Kestenbaum B.
Data indicate that serum phosphate levels are significantly associated with aortic valve calcification prevalence.
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Physical environment may modify the association between depressive symptoms and change in waist circumference: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
By: Remigio-Baker RA, Diez Roux AV, Szklo M, Crum RM, Leoutsakos JM, Franco M, Schreiner PJ, Carnethon MR, Nettleton JA, Mujahid MS, Michos ED, Gary-Webb TL, Golden SH.

Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with greater increase in waist circumference among individuals living in poorly rated physical environments than in those in better-rated physical environments.

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A systematic review of internet-based worksite wellness approaches for cardiovascular disease risk management: outcomes, challenges and opportunities.
By: Aneni EC, Roberson LL, Maziak W, Agatston AS, Feldman T, Rouseff M, Tran TH, Blumenthal RS, Blaha MJ, Blankstein R, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Nasir K.
Internet-based programs hold promise for improving the cardiovascular wellness among employees. However, much work is required to fully understand its utility and long-term impact, especially in special/at-risk populations.
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Vegetarian diets in cardiovascular prevention.
By: Ashen MD.

There is growing evidence that consumption of a vegetarian diet as well as specific components of a vegetarian diet lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. Vegetarian diets lower the probability of developing CVD, are effective in altering serum lipids, are beneficial in reducing blood pressure, improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, reduce weight, and lower mortality. Vascular effects of a vegetarian diet include a thinner carotid IMT and lower brachial artery resistance. Health care providers should be aware of the types of vegetarian diets and their risks and benefits in order to guide patients' dietary habits with the ultimate goal of reducing their CVD risk. While a patient does not have to become a complete vegetarian to reduce their CVD risk, they can make simple changes in their diet that are effective in risk reduction.

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