Research Summary
Molecular mechanisms driving the loss of brain cells in Parkinson’s disease patients.
Lab
The Ko lab studies the molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease —a progressive, neurodegenerative movement disorder. By studying the genes responsible for inherited cases of the disease, the researchers aim to understand the cause underlying both sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease. One such gene codes for the alpha-synuclein protein, which forms insoluble, toxic fibrils in the cells of Parkinson’s disease patients and contributes to neurodegeneration. The Ko lab is characterizing the in vivo relationships between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and alpha-synuclein pathology. By studying genetic and biochemical abnormalities of glucocerebrosidase (GBA), an enzyme involved in glycolipid metabolism, the team strives to elucidate how GBA contributes to the pathogenesis in Parkinson’s disease and other disorders characterized by abnormal alpha-synuclein pathologies. The research group is creating animal models that accurately mimic the slow nerve cell death in Parkinson’s disease. By establishing induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from Parkinson’s disease patients, the Ko lab plans to study the disease in human dopamine neurons.
Ko’s research has the potential to reveal drug targets, improve early diagnosis and develop new animal models for the study of Parkinson’s disease.
Selected Publications
View all on Pubmed
Ko HS, Lee Y, Shin JH, Karuppagounder SS, Gadad BS, Koleske AJ, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Phosphorylation by the c-Abl protein tyrosine kinase inhibits parkin's ubiquitination and protective function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010;107(38):16691-16696
Shin JH, Ko HS, Kang H, Lee Y, Lee YI, Pletinkova O, Troconso JC, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. PARIS (ZNF746) Repression of PGC-1alpha Contributes to Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Cell. 2011;144(5):689-702
Karuppagounder SS, Brahmachari S, Lee Y, Dawson VL, Dawson TM*, Ko HS*. The c-Abl inhibitor, nilotinib, protects dopaminergic neurons in a preclinical animal model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep. 2014; 4:4874. * Co-corresponding author
Brahmachari S, Ge P, Lee SH, Kim D, Karuppagounder SS, Kumar M, Mao X, Shin JH, Lee Y, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Dawson VL, Dawson TM*, Ko HS*. Activation of tyrosine kinase c-Abl contributes to α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest. 2016;126(8):2970-88. *Co-corresponding author
Mao X, Ou MT, Karuppagounder SS, Kam TI, Yin X, Xiong Y, Ge P, Umanah GE, Brahmachari S, Shin JH, Kang HC, Zhang J, Xu J, Chen R, Park H, Andrabi SA, Kang SU, Gonçalves RA, Liang Y, Zhang S, Qi C, Lam S, Keiler JA, Tyson J, Kim D, Panicker N, Yun SP, Workman CJ, Vignali DA, Dawson VL*, Ko HS*, Dawson TM*. Pathological α-synuclein transmission initiated by binding lymphocyte-activation gene 3. Science. 2016;353(6307). *Co-corresponding author. Recommended by F1000 prime
Patents
Transcriptional repression leading to parkinson's disease
Patent # US9274128 B2
Parkinson's disease is caused by the preferential loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons. A Parkin Interacting Substrate, PARIS (ZNF746) is identified. The levels of PARIS are regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system via binding to and ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase, parkin. PARIS is a KRAB and zinc finger protein that accumulates in models of parkin inactivation and in human brain Parkinson's disease patients. PARIS represses the expression of the transcriptional co-activator, PGC-1α and the PGC-1α target gene, NRF-1 by binding to insulin response sequences in the PGC-1α promoter. Conditional knockout of parkin in adult animals leads to progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons that is PARIS dependent. Overexpression of PARIS causes selective loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra, which is reversed by either parkin or PGC-1α co-expression. The identification of PARIS provides a molecular mechanism for neurodegeneration due to parkin inactivation.
