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Charles Williams Flexner, M.D.

Director, AIDS Clinical Trials Unit; Chief Scientific Officer, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research
Professor of Medicine

Male

Languages: English, Italian

Expertise

Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine

Research Interests

Clinical Pharmacology; Antiviral chemotherapy; HIV protease inhibitors and entry inhibitors; Basic and clinical pharmacology of antiretroviral drugs ...read more

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Locations

The Johns Hopkins Hospital

Appointment Phone: 410-955-1725

600 N. Wolfe Street
Osler Building
Baltimore, MD 21287 map

Phone: 410-955-9712

Background

Charles W. Flexner, M.D., is Professor of Medicine in the Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Infectious Diseases, and Professor of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is also Professor of International Health in the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Flexner is an expert on the basic and clinical pharmacology of drugs for HIV/AIDS and related infections, including viral hepatitis and tuberculosis. His scientific contributions include work on the important roles of pharmacokinetic enhancement, adherence, and dosing frequency in the long-term management of HIV/AIDS. He has published extensively on anti-infective drug transport and metabolism, and metabolic drug interactions. Dr. Flexner is currently the Chief Scientific Officer of the Institute for Clinical and Translational Research at Johns Hopkins. He also serves as Associate Vice-Chair for Academic Fellowship Programs in the Department of Medicine, and Associate Director of the Graduate Training Programs in Clinical Investigation of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Flexner is the Principal Investigator of the Long-Acting Extended Release Antiretroviral Research Resource Program (LEAP), and Co-Principal Investigator of the Johns Hopkins University AIDS Clinical Trials Unit (ACTU) supported by the NIH. He served as President of the American Federation for Medical Research (AFMR) in 1999-2000, and was President of the AFMR Foundation from 2001-2002. He is a member of the editorial board of 10 scientific journals. He currently serves as a consultant to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Clinton Health Access Initiative, and served as a consultant on FDA reform to the United States House of Representatives.

Titles

Director, AIDS Clinical Trials Unit; Chief Scientific Officer, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research
Professor of Medicine
Professor of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences

Departments / Divisions

Centers & Institutes

Clinical and Translational Research, Institute for

Education

Degrees

MD; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (1982)

Residencies

Medicine; Stanford University School of Medicine (1985)

Fellowships

National Institutes of Health (1988)

Board Certifications

American Board of Internal Medicine (Internal Medicine) (1986)

Research & Publications

Research Summary

Clinical research activities investigate the clinical pharmacology of new anti-HIV therapies and drug combinations. Specific drug classes studied include HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, entry inhibitors (selective CCR5 and CXCR4 antagonists), and integrase inhibitors. Scientific objectives of clinical studies include characterization of early drug activity, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Additional objectives are characterization of pathways of drug metabolism, and identification of clinically significant harmful and beneficial drug interactions mediated by hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 isoforms.

Clinical Trial Keywords

Phase 4; Phase 3; Phase 2; Phase 1; Pharmacokinetics

Clinical Trials

Flexner C, Tierney C, Gross R, Andrade A, Lalama C, Eshleman SH, Aberg J, Sanne I, Parsons T, Kashuba A, Rosenkranz SL, Kmack A, Ferguson E, Dehlinger M, Mildvan D, AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5073 Study Team. Comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily combination antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naïve patients: results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5073, a 48-week randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1041–1052. [PMCID #2833234; NIHMS #168892]

Wilkin TJ, Su Z, Krambrink A, Long J, Greaves WL, Gross R, Hughes MD, Flexner C, Skolnik PR, Coakley E, Godfrey C, Hirsch M, Kuritzkes DR, Gulick RM, AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5211 Study Team. Three-year safety and efficacy of vicriviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, in HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced patients. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2010; 54:470–476.

Crawford KW, Spritzler J, Kalayjian R, Parsons T, Landay A, Pollard R, Stoker V, Lederman M, Flexner C. Age-related changes in the plasma concentrations of the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2010; 26: 635-643.

Soon GH, Shen P, Yong E-L, Flexner C, Pham P, Lee LS. Pharmacokinetics of darunavir 900 mg and ritonavir 100 mg once daily when co-administered with efavirenz 600 mg once daily in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 2775-2780.

Chen J, Garner RC, Lee LS, Seymour M, Fuchs EJ, Hubbard W, Parsons T, Pakes GE, Fletcher CV, Flexner C. Accelerator mass spectrometry measurement of intracellular concentrations of active drug metabolites in human target cells in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88: 796-800.

Wang L-Z, Lee L, Thuya W-L, Soon GH, Kong L-R, Nye P-L, Jon-Deoon E-L, Flexner C, Goh B-C. Simultaneous determination of raltegravir and raltegravir glucuronide in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrometry 2011; 46: 202-208.

Wang L, Soon GH, Seng K-Y, Li J, Lee E, Yong E-L, Goh B-C, Flexner C, Lee L. Pharmacokinetic modeling of plasma and intracellular concentrations of raltegravir in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 4090-4095.

Dooley KE, Park J-G, Swindells S, Allen R, Haas DW, Cramer Y, Aweeka F, Wiggins I, Gupta A, Lizak P, Qasba S, van Heeswijk R, Flexner C, and the ACTG 5267 Study Team. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic interactions of the antituberculous agent TMC207 (bedaquiline) with efavirenz in healthy volunteers: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5267. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2012; 59:455-462.

Chen J, Flexner C, Liberman RG, Skipper PL, Louissaint N, Tannenbaum SR, Hendrix CW, Fuchs EJ. Biphasic elimination of tenofovir diphosphate and nonlinear pharmacokinetics of zidovudine triphosphate in a microdosing study. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2012; 61: 593-599.

Lee LS, Pham P, Flexner C. Unexpected drug-drug interactions in HIV therapy: induction of UGT1A1 and bile efflux transporters by efavirenz. Annals Acad Med (Singapore) 2012; 41: 559-562.

Dooley KE, Sayre P, Borland, J, Purdy E, Chen S, Song I, Peppercorn A, Everts S, Piscitelli S, Flexner C. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the HIV integrase inhibitor dolutegravir given twice daily with rifampin or once daily with rifabutin: results of a phase 1 study among healthy subjects. J Acq Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 62: 21-27. [October 15, 2012 Epub ahead of print]

Williams J, Sayles HR, Meza JL, Sayre P, Sandkovsky U, Gendelman HE, Flexner C, Swindells S. Long-acting parenteral nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy: interest and attitudes of HIV-infected patients. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2013; 8: 1807-1813. [April 23, 2013 Epub ahead of print]

Andrade A, Rosenkranz SL, Cillo A, Lu D, Daar E, Jacobson JM, Lederman M, Acosta E, Read S, Campbell T, Feinberg J, Flexner C, Mellors JW, Kuritzkes DR, AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5248 Team. Three distinct phases of HIV-1 RNA decay in treatment-naïve patients receiving raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: ACTG A5248 study. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:884-891.

Selected Publications

View all on PubMed

Finzi D, Blankson J, Siliciano JD, Margolick JB, Chadwick K, Pierson T, Smith K, Lisziewicz J, Lori F, Flexner C, Quinn TC, Chaisson RE, Rosenberg E, Walker B, Gange S, Gallant J, Siliciano RF. 1999. Latentinfection of CD4+ T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy. Nature Med 5:512-517.
Hendrix CW, Flexner C, MacFarland RT, Fuchs EJ, Redpath E, Bridger G, Henson GW. 2000. Pharmacokinetics and safety of AMD-3100, a novel antagonist of the CXCR-4 chemokine receptor, in human volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 1667-1673.
Speck RS, Flexner C, Tian C-J, Yu X-F. 2000. Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Pr55^Gag and Pr160^Gag-Pol processing intermediates that accumulate in primary and transformed cells treated with peptidic and non-peptidic protease inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 1397-1403.
Speck RR, Yu X-F, Hildreth, JE, Flexner C. 2002. Differential effects of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein-1 on productive HIV infection. J Infect Dis 186: 332-340.
Nettles RE, Kieffer TL, Parsons T, Johnson J, Cofrancesco J, Gallant JE, , Carson K, Siliciano RF, Flexner C. Marked intraindividual variability in antiretroviral concentrations may limit the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42: 1189-1196.
Flexner C. HIV drug development: the next 25 years. (Invited review). Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2007; 6: 959-966.
Crawford KW, Li C, Keung A, Su Z, Hughes MD, Greaves W, Kuritzkes D, Gulick R, Flexner C, for the ACTG A5211 Study Team. Pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic modeling of the antiretroviral activity of the CCR5 antagonist vicriviroc in treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2010; 53: 598–605.
Crawford KW, Spritzler J, Kalayjian R, Parsons T, Landay A, Pollard R, Stoker V, Lederman M, Flexner C. Age-related changes in the plasma concentrations of the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2010; 26: 635-643.
Flexner C, Tierney C, Gross R, Andrade A, Lalama C, Eshleman SH, Aberg J, Sanne I, Parsons T, Kashuba A, Rosenkranz SL, Kmack A, Ferguson E, Dehlinger M, Mildvan D, AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5073 Study Team. Comparison of once-daily versus twice-daily combination antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naïve patients: results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5073, a 48-week randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1041–1052. [PMCID #2833234]
Chen J, Garner RC, Lee LS, Seymour M, Fuchs EJ, Hubbard W, Parsons T, Pakes GE, Fletcher CV, Flexner C. Accelerator mass spectrometry measurement of intracellular concentrations of active drug metabolites in human target cells in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88: 796-800.
Swindells S, Flexner C, Fletcher CV, Jacobson JM. The critical need for alternative antiretroviral formulations and obstacles to their development. J Infect Dis 2011; 204: 669-674.
Wang L, Soon GH, Seng K-Y, Li J, Lee E, Yong E-L, Goh B-C, Flexner C, Lee L. Pharmacokinetic modeling of plasma and intracellular concentrations of raltegravir in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 4090-4095.
Crawford KW, Ripin DHB, Levin AD, Campbell JR, Flexner C. Optimizing the manufacturing, formulation, and dosage of antiretroviral drugs for more cost-efficient delivery in resource-limited settings: a consensus statement. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12: 550–60.
Chen J, Flexner C, Liberman RG, Skipper PL, Louissaint N, Tannenbaum SR, Hendrix CW, Fuchs EJ. Biphasic elimination of tenofovir diphosphate and nonlinear pharmacokinetics of zidovudine triphosphate in a microdosing study. J Acq Immunodef Syndr 2012; 61: 593-599.
Williams J, Sayles HR, Meza JL, Sayre P, Sandkovsky U, Gendelman HE, Flexner C, Swindells S. Long-acting parenteral nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy: interest and attitudes of HIV-infected patients. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2013; 8: 1807-1813.

PubMed

Contact for Research Inquiries

The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Osler 575
Phone: 410-955-9712

Academic Affiliations & Courses

Graduate Program Affiliation

Graduate Training Program in Clinical Investigation

Activities & Honors

Honors

Student Research Award, American Federation for Clinical Research, 1976
Phi Beta Kappa, Stanford University, 1978
Graduation with Distinction and Departmental Honors, Stanford University, 1978
Denison Research Scholar, Johns Hopkins University, 1980 - 1981
Warfield Longcope Prize for Outstanding Performance in Clinical Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1982
Alpha Omega Alpha, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1982
Faculty Career Development Award in Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Foundation, 1990 - 1994
Clinical Investigator Award, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 1990 - 1993
Leon I. Goldberg Young Investigator Award, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1994
Pfizer Visiting Professor of Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 1995
Samuel S. Riven Visiting Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 1999
Kimsey Visiting Professor of Microbiology, University of Louisville College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 2000
Professor's Award for Distinction in Teaching in the Pre-Clinical Divisions, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1999 - 2000
Leadership Development Program, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2003 - 2004
Joseph E. Murray Lecturer, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, 2006
Visiting Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Universita degli Studi, Turin, Italy, 2008 - 2013
Visiting Professor, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, 2012
Honorary Fellow Award presented annually to a single individual in recognition of career achievement in the field of clinical pharmacology, American College of Clinical Pharmacology, San Diego, 2012

Memberships

American College of Physicians, 1997 - 1999
Council of Medical Specialties, ASCPT Representative 1997-99
American Federation for Medical Research Foundation
Secretary-Treasurer, 1999-2000; President, 2001-2002.
American Federation for Medical ResearchPresident, 2000-2001., 1995
Medical School Representative 1995-1998. President, Eastern Section, 1998-2000. National Council, 1998–2002. President-Elect, 1999-2000.
American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1992 - 2001
Board of Directors, 1995-98, 2000-2003; Long Range Planning Committee, 1995-2001; Membership Committee, 1994-97; Scientific Program Committee, 1995-96; Education Committee, 1997-2000; Government Affairs Committee, 1998-2001 and 2005-2009; Vice-President, 2001-2002.
American Society for Microbiology=, 1999 - 2005
Association for Clinical and Translational Science, 2012
Patient-Oriented Research Standing Committee Core Member 2012-present; Education and Evaluation Committee Member 2012-present
Association for Clinical Research Training, 2002
Advocacy/Public Policy Committee, 2005-present
Association for Patient-Oriented Research, 2002 - 2012
Board of Directors, 2005-2008
Association of Subspecialty Professors, 2006 - 2009
Councilor At-Large, 2006-2009
International AIDS Society, 1999
International Scientific Review Committee 1999-present, Program Committee 2002-3.
International Antiviral Society, 2010
USA. Hepatitis Program Advisory Board Member, 2010-present
International Society for Antiviral Research, 1993 - 2007
Local Organizing Committee, Annual Meeting 2000, Scientific Program Committee 1999-2001
The Healthcare Consortium, 1999 - 2000
Board of Directors, 1999-2000.

Professional Activities

Advocacy/Public Policy Committee, Association for Clinical Research Training, 2005
ASCPT Representative, American College of Physicians, 1997 - 1999
Board of Directors, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1995 - 1998
Board of Directors, The Healthcare Consortium, 1999 - 2000
Board of Directors, Association for Patient-Oriented Research, 2005 - 2008
Council of Medical Specialties, American College of Physicians
Councilor At-Large, Association of Subspecialty Professors, 2006 - 2009
Education Committee, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1997 - 2000
Government Affairs Committee, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2005 - 2009
International Scientific Review Committee, International AIDS Society, 1999
Local Organizing Committee, International Society for Antiviral Research, 2000 - 2000
Long Range Planning Committee, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1995 - 2001
Medical School Representative, American Federation for Medical Research, 1995 - 1998
National Council, American Federation for Medical Research, 1998 - 2002
President, American Federation for Medical Research, 1998 - 2000
President, American Federation for Medical Research, 2000 - 2001
President, American Federation for Medical Research Foundation, 2001 - 2002
President Elect, American Federation for Medical Research, 1999 - 2000
Program Committee, International AIDS Society, 2002 - 2003
Scientific Program Committee, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1995 - 1996
Scientific Program Committee, International Society for Antiviral Research, 1999 - 2001
Secretary-Treasurer, American Federation for Medical Research Foundation, 1999 - 2000
Vice-President, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2001 - 2002

Videos & Media

Lectures and Presentations

Potential Use of Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Vectors as Vaccines
Horizons in Biotechnology, Sacramento, California (10/01/1986)
American Society of Microbiology
Vaccinia Virus as a Vehicle in the Development of Multiple Vaccines
Research Lecture, Canadian Society of Clinical Investigation / Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons Annual Meeting, Winnipeg, Manitoba (09/01/1987)
Canadian Infectious Diseases Society
Vaccinia Virus as a Carrier for Vaccine Antigens
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Symposium on Vaccine Development, New Orleans, Louisiana (10/01/1990)
Strategies for the Delivery of Cloned Vaccine Antigens
Edna McConnell Clark Foundation Lecture, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (04/01/1991)
Frontiers in AIDS Drug Development
Associates of Clinical Pharmacology Symposium Address, San Diego, CA (04/01/1991)
Concentration-Controlled Trial Methodology in the Development of an Antiretroviral Nucleoside
33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Symposium on the Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Chemotherapy, New Orleans, Louisiana (10/01/1993)
Role of Clinical Pharmacology in the Early Development of Antiretroviral Drugs
Goldberg Young Investigator Award Lecture, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting, , New Orleans, Louisiana (03/01/1994)
Protein Binding: What Is the Clinical Relevance? International Society for Antiviral Research Annual Meeting
International Society for Antiviral Research Plenary Address, Urabandai, Japan (05/01/1996)
Plasma Protein Binding and Pharmacodynamics of Protease Inhibitors
Symposium on Basic and Clinical Pharmacology of Protease Inhibitors (Symposium Chair), Fourth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Washington, DC (01/01/1997)
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology of New Antiretroviral Drugs
American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics/American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Joint Symposium on Molecular Therapeutics of HIV, San Diego, CA (03/01/1997)
Training the Clinical Investigator
Biomedicine ’97 Symposium on Clinical Research, Washington, DC (04/01/1997)
American Federation for Medical Research
Antiretroviral Drug Interactions: The Tar Pit or the Tar Baby?
Infectious Diseases Society of America Annual Meeting Symposium, San Francisco, CA (09/01/1997)
Pharmacologic Causes of Treatment Failure
Plenary Session on Antiretroviral Therapy, Fifth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Chicago, IL (02/01/1998)
Antiretroviral Drug Interactions
38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Symposium on Managing the Toxicity of HIV Therapy, San Diego, CA (09/01/1998)
Use of Quality-of-Life Data in the Drug Approval Process
International Society for Quality of Life Research Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD (11/01/1999)
"Novel Drug Delivery and HIV: Hope or Hype?
Session Chair, National Institutes of Health Roundtable on HIV Therapeutics: Drug Delivery Devices and Formulations, Gaithersburg, MD (04/01/1999)
“FDA Financial Disclosure: A Medical Perspective
Drug Information Association Symposium on Conflict of Interest, Washington, DC (06/01/1999)
“Assessing Pharmacologic Risk and Benefit
International AIDS Society State-of-the-Art Symposium, Rome, Italy (09/01/1999)
“Do Unsafe Drugs Enter and Remain in the Marketplace?
American College of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (11/01/1999)
“HAART Metabolism and Pharmacogenetics
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Symposium on Alcohol Use and HIV Pharmacotherapy, Bethesda, MD (04/01/2000)
"Antimicrobial Drug Interactions
Meet-the-Experts, 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario (09/01/2000)
“Why HIV-Infected Patients Fail Therapy
Kimsey Lectureship, University of Louisville College of Medicine, Louisville, KY (10/01/2000)
“Drug Transporters and HIV Pathogenesis
Eighth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Symposium on Drug Transporters (Session Chair), Chicago, IL (02/01/2001)
Plenary “Evidence-Based Pharmacology
Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (06/01/2001)
Integrating Adherence Genotype Phenotype and TDM
International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Symposium on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Antiretrovirals (Session Chair), Washington, DC (09/01/2001)
“Genetic Causes, Genetic Solutions, and the Future of Pharmacology
FDA College Course on Pharmacogenetics: A Tool for Drug Development and Individualization of Disease Management, Rockville, MD (04/01/2002)
“Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Pharmacogenomics and Biomarkers for AIDS
American Association for Clinical Chemistry Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD (02/01/2003)
Current Concepts in Developing Drugs for HIV and Other Viral Diseases
Meet the Professors Session, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (04/01/2003)
“Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
and Biomarkers for AIDS, American Association for Clinical Chemistry Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD (02/01/2003)
Plenary “Genetic Causes
and the Future of Pharmacotherapy, Society of Toxicologic Pathology, Savannah, GA (06/01/2003)
The New Biology of Drug Transporters and Drug Metabolizing Enzymes: Implications for Clinical Practice
International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment, Paris, France (07/01/2003)
Pharmacologic Monitoring of Complex Patient Scenarios
Session Chair and Panelist, Workshop, 11th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, CA (02/01/2004)
“Causality, Inference, and Pharmacokinetics as a Biomarker
American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting Symposium on Method Effectiveness versus Use Effectiveness, Miami, FL (03/01/2004)
Lecture entitled “Genes, the Environment, and Drugs: A Pharmacogenetics Primer
Presentation, NIH NIAID Office of Scientific Resource Development Course, Rockville, MD (04/01/2005)
Potential for Drug-Drug Interactions in the Treatment of Hepatitis B and C
First International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of Hepatitis Therapy, Quebec, Canada (04/01/2005)
The Inviolable Social Contract: Education and the Academic Medical Center
American Association of Plastic Surgeons, Hilton Head, SC (05/01/2006)
Symposium address entitled “The Pharmacology of Aging: Implications for HIV Therapy
15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA (02/01/2008)
Why Adherence Can Be a Matter of Life and Death: Adherence, Convenience and Dosing Frequency as Determinants of Outcome in Antiretroviral Therapy
Keynote Speaker, Drug Information Association Symposium on Improving Drug Development Using Patient Adherence Data in Clinical Trials, Washington, DC (05/01/2008)
Role of Drug Interactions in the Management of Hepatitis Infections
Plenary Speaker, Sixth International Workshop on HIV and Hepatitis, Tel Aviv, Israel (05/01/2010)
Horizon Scanning: The Future of Antiretrovirals
Plenary Speaker, Second Italian Conference on AIDS and Retroviruses, Brescia, Italy (06/01/2010)
HIV Pharmacology and Product Development
Plenary Speaker, NIAID conference, Nano- and Emerging Technologies for HIV/AIDS, Potomac, MD (10/01/2010)
American Society for Nanomedicine and Division of AIDS
A Tale of Two Viruses: Pharmacology’s Role in the Management of Hepatitis Virus Infections
Plenary Speaker, Twelfth International Workshop on the Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy, Miami, FL (04/01/2011)
The Role of Protein Binding and Stereochemistry in Drug-Drug Interactions
Plenary Speaker, 14th International Workshop on the Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy, Amsterdam, NL (04/01/2013)
Coformulation, Compaction, and Simplification: How Much Difference Does It Really Make?
Clinical Pharmacology Update on Antiretrovirals for HIV Treatment and Prevention, Washington, DC (09/01/2014)
ICAAC 2014

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