Comparison of racial differences in plaque composition and stenosis between HIV-positive and HIV-negative men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
By: Miller PE, Budoff M, Zikusoka M, Li X, Palella F Jr, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Sharrett AR, Jacobson LP, Post WS.
The lower prevalence of CAC in black men compared with white men appears to reflect less calcification of plaque and stenosis rather than a lower overall prevalence of plaque.
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Risk factors for fatty liver in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
By: Price JC, Seaberg EC, Latanich R, Budoff MJ, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ Jr, Witt MD, Post WS, Thio CL.
Though treated HIV infection was associated with a lower prevalence of fatty liver, prolonged exposure to dideoxynucleoside analogs is associated with higher prevalence.
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Epicardial fat is associated with duration of antiretroviral therapy and coronary atherosclerosis.
By: Brener M, Ketlogetswe K, Budoff M, Jacobson LP, Li X, Rezaeian P, Razipour A, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley L, Witt MD, George RT, Post WS.
Greater epicardial fat volume in HIV-infected men and its association with coronary plaque and antiretroviral therapy duration suggest potential mechanisms that might lead to increased risk for cardiovascular disease in HIV.
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Associations between HIV infection and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
By: Post WS, Budoff M, Kingsley L, Palella FJ Jr, Witt MD, Li X, George RT, Brown TT, Jacobson LP.
Coronary artery plaque, especially noncalcified plaque, is more prevalent and extensive in HIV-infected men, independent of CAD risk factors.
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Lower adiponectin is associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected men.
By: Ketlogetswe KS, Post WS, Li X, Palella FJ Jr, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Dobs AS, Budoff MJ, Brown TT.
Adiponectin levels were lower in HIV-infected men and related to the severity of subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of traditional CVD risk factors.
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Long-term predictive value of the Framingham Risk Score for Stroke in HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men.
By: Mateen FJ, Post WS, Sacktor N, Abraham AG, Becker JT, Smith BR, Detels R, Martin E, Phair JP, Shinohara RT; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Investigators.
The Framingham Risk Score for Stroke prediction was systematically different in HIV+ vs. HIV- men with stroke events, while the score underestimates the long-term risk of stroke in HIV+ men.
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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with development of subclinical coronary artery disease in HIV-infected African American cocaine users with low Framingham-defined cardiovascular risk.
By: Lai H, Fishman EK, Gerstenblith G, Moore R, Brinker JA, Keruly JC, Chen S, Detrick B, Lai S.
The incidence of subclinical CAD in HIV-infected African-American cocaine users with low CAD risk is high, especially in those with vitamin D deficiency.
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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with coronary artery calcification in cardiovascularly asymptomatic African Americans with HIV infection.
By: Lai S, Fishman EK, Gerstenblith G, Brinker J, Tai H, Chen S, Li J, Tong W, Detrick B, Lai H.
These data suggest that, in order to reduce the risk for coronary artery disease in HIV-infected African-Americans, vitamin D levels should be closely monitored. These data also suggest that clinical trials should be conducted to examine whether vitamin D supplementations reduce the risk of CAD in this population.
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Use of cardiac CT angiography imaging in an epidemiology study: the Methodology of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cardiovascular disease substudy.
By: Hac?o?lu Y, Gupta M, Choi TY, George RT, Deible CR, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Palella FJ, Post WS, Budoff MJ.
This study concluded that cardiac CT angiography may serve as a reference for use in future epidemiology studies aiming to assess coronary atherosclerosis and cardiac anatomy in low-risk populations while minimizing radiation exposure.
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Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) as a coronary atherosclerosis risk factor in HIV-infected men: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
By: Hechter RC, Budoff M, Hodis HN, Rinaldo CR, Jenkins FJ, Jacobson LP, Kingsley LA, Taiwo B, Post WS, Margolick JB, Detels R.
We assessed associations of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in 291 HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured by non-contrast coronary CT imaging. Markers for herpesviruses infection were measured in frozen specimens collected 10-12 years prior to case identification. Multivariable logistic regression models and ordinal logistic regression models were performed. HSV-2 seropositivity was associated with coronary atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=4.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.58-10.85) after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, cardiovascular risk factors, and HIV infection related factors. Infection with a greater number of herpesviruses was associated with elevated CAC levels (AOR=1.58, 95% CI=1.06-2.36). Our findings suggest HSV-2 may be a risk factor for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in HIV-infected men. Infection with multiple herpesviruses may contribute to the increased burden of atherosclerosis.
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