VC = 0.1626*Height(inches) - 0.031*Age(years) - 5.335 [Men]
VC = 0.1321*Height(inches) - 0.018*Age(years) - 4.360 [Women]
Equations for residual volume are also taken from Goldman and Becklake:
RV = 0.0687*Height(inches) + 0.017*Age(years) - 3.447 [Men]
RV = 0.0813*Height(inches) + 0.009*Age(years) - 3.900 [Women]
Total lung capacity (TLC) is found by adding predicted values for RV and VC.
Equations for functional residual capacity (FRC) are derived from data reported by Bates, which were in turn derived from the data of Goldman:
FRC = 0.1295*Height(inches) - 5.19 [Men]
FRC = 0.1220*Height(inches) - 5.01 [Women]
Equations for FEV1/FVC are derived from the data of Miller, Kory, Gaensler, Tiffeneau, and Pemberton & Flanagan:
FEV1%= 91.4 - 0.2*Age(years) [All]
Predicted values for FEV1 are computed by multiplying the predicted FEV1% by the predicted FVC.
The ratio of single breath diffusing capacity to alveolar volume (DL/VA) is derived from the data of Burrows:
DL/VA= 5.36 - 0.0246*Age(years) [All]
Predicted DLCO is computed by multiplying the predicted DL/VA by the
predicted TLC.
Crapo RO, Morris AH, and Gardner RM. Reference Spirometric Values
Using Techniques
and Equpment That Meet ATS Recommendations. Am.
Rev. of Respir. Dis. 1981; 123:659-664.
and
Crapo RO and Morris AH. Standardized Single-Breath Normal Values
for Carbon Monoxide
Diffusing Capacity. Am. Rev. of Respir. Dis. 1981;
123:185-189.
and
Crapo RO, Morris AH, Clayton PD, and Nixon CR. Lung Volumes in
Healthy Nonsmoking
Adults. Bull. Europ. Physiopathol. Respir. 1982;
18:419-425.
Equations
FVC = 0.1524*Height(inches) - 0.0214*Age(years) - 4.6500 [Men]
FVC = 0.1247*Height(inches) - 0.0216*Age(years) - 3.5900
[Women]
FEV1 = 0.1052*Height(inches) - 0.0244*Age(years) - 2.1900 [Men]
FEV1 = 0.0869*Height(inches) - 0.0255*Age(years) - 1.5780 [Women]
FEV1% = Predicted FEV1 / Predicted FVC
RV = 0.0495*Height(inches) + 0.0246*Age(years) - 2.6830
[Men]
RV = 0.0251*Height(inches) + 0.0216*Age(years) - 0.9470
[Women]
TLC = 0.2019*Height(inches) + 0.0032*Age(years) - 7.333 [Men]
TLC = 0.1499*Height(inches)
- 4.5370 [Women]
DLCO = 1.0566*Height(inches) - 0.2190*Age(years) - 26.34 [Men]
DLCO = 0.6502*Height(inches) - 0.1440*Age(years) - 8.36
[Women]
Morris JF, Koski A, and Johnson LC. Spirometric Standards for
Healthy
Non-Smoking Adults. Am. Rev. of Respir. Dis. 1971;
103:57-67.
Equations
FVC = 0.1481*Height(inches) - 0.0250*Age(years) - 4.2410 [Men]
FVC = 0.1151*Height(inches) - 0.0240*Age(years) - 2.8520
[Women]
FEV1 = 0.0919*Height(inches) - 0.0320*Age(years) - 1.2600 [Men]
FEV1 = 0.0889*Height(inches) - 0.0250*Age(years) - 1.9310 [Women]
FEV1% = Predicted FEV1 / Predicted FVC
Hankinson, JL, Odencrantz JR, Fedan KB. Spirometric Reference Values from a
Sample of the General U.S. Population Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:179-187.
Equations
Age = age in years
Ht = height in centimeters
FVC =
-0.2584-0.20415*Age+0.010133*Age*Age+0.00018642*Ht*Ht [Men, Age to 19]
FVC = -0.1933+0.00064*Age-0.000269*Age*Age+0.00018642*Ht*Ht [Men,
Age 20 and over]
FVC = -0.3560+0.01870*Age-0.000382*Age*Age+0.00014815*Ht*Ht [Women,
Age 18 and over]
FEV1 = -0.7453-0.04106*Age+0.004477*Age*Age+0.00014098*Ht*Ht [Men, Age to 19]
FEV1 = 0.5536-0.01303*Age-0.000172*Age*Age+0.00014098*Ht*Ht [Men,
Age 20 and over]
FEV1 = 0.4333-0.00361*Age-0.000194*Age*Age+0.00011496*Ht*Ht [Women,
Age 18 and over]
FEV1% = Predicted FEV1 / Predicted FVC
Cherniak RM and Raber MD. Normal Standards for Ventilatory Function
Using
an Automated Wedge Spirometer. Am. Rev. of Respir.
Dis. 1972; 106:38-46.
Equations
FVC = 0.1672*Height(inches) - 0.02954*Age(years) - 5.12451
[Men]
FVC = 0.1411*Height(inches) - 0.00793*Age(years) - 4.89036
[Women]
FEV1 = 0.1149*Height(inches) - 0.03509*Age(years) - 2.59946 [Men]
FEV1 = 0.1034*Height(inches) - 0.02147*Age(years) - 2.56958 [Women]
FEV1% = Predicted FEV1 / Predicted FVC
Knudson, RJ, et. al. The Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curve
Normal Standards, Variability,
and Effects of Age. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 113:589-590,
1976.
Equations
FVC = 0.1270*Height(inches) + 0.0780*Age(years) - 5.508 [Young
Men, Age To 24]
FVC = 0.1651*Height(inches) - 0.0290*Age(years) - 5.459 [Men,
Age Greater Than 24]
FVC = 0.0838*Height(inches) + 0.0920*Age(years) - 3.469 [Young
Women, Age To 19]
FVC = 0.0940*Height(inches) - 0.0220*Age(years) - 1.774 [Young
Women, Age Greater Than 19]
FEV1 = 0.1168*Height(inches) + 0.0450*Age(years) - 4.808 [Young
Men, Age To 24]
FEV1 = 0.1321*Height(inches) - 0.0270*Age(years) - 4.203 [Men,
Age Greater Than 24]
FEV1 = 0.0686*Height(inches) + 0.0850*Age(years) - 2.703 [Young
Women, Age To 19]
FEV1 = 0.0686*Height(inches) - 0.0210*Age(years) - 0.794 [Young
Women, Age Greater Than 19]
FEV1% = Predicted FEV1 / Predicted FVC
Please email questions or comments to pftlab@www.med.jhu.edu.