A pathologist will examine a patient’s biopsy sample to determine the exact type of tumor, whether the tumor is it is benign or malignant and how serious it is (its grade).
Brain tumor grading system:
| Grade I tumor | - Benign = non-cancerous
- Slow growing
- Cells look almost normal under a microscope
- Usually associated with long-term survival
- Rare in adults
|
| Grade II tumor | - Relatively slow growing
- Sometimes spreads to nearby normal tissue and comes back (recurs)
- Cells look slightly abnormal under a microscope
- Sometimes comes back as a higher grade tumor
|
| Grade III tumor | - Malignant = cancerous
- Actively reproduces abnormal cells
- Tumor spreads into nearby normal parts of the brain
- Cells look abnormal under a microscope
- Tends to come back, often as a higher grade tumor
|
| Grade IV tumor | - Most malignant
- Grows fast
- Easily spreads into nearby normal parts of the brain
- Actively reproduces abnormal cells
- Cells look very abnormal under a microscope
- Tumor forms new blood vessels to maintain rapid growth
- Tumors have areas of dead cells in their center (called necrosis)
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A changing diagnosis
The grade of a brain tumor might change. Reasons for this include:
- Brain tumors sometimes change (usually to a higher grade)
- The biopsy sample might not represent the entire tumor
A change from a low-grade tumor to a high-grade tumor happens more often in adults than in children.
Making the diagnosis without a biopsy
If doctors cannot perform a biopsy, they will diagnose the brain tumor and determine a treatment plan based on other test results.
To request a consultation or appointment, call 410-955-6406.