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Petros Karakousis, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Dr. Karakousis’ primary research interests are the molecular basis of microbial dormancy and the host-pathogen relationship underlying the phenomenon of persistence.
Major research activities include studying the adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to stress conditions believed to be important in dormant lesions in vivo, including oxygen limitation and nutrient deprivation, as well as the phenomenon of phenotypic tolerance to antibiotics. In particular, the regulatory cascade involved in the stringent response is under active investigation. Recent work also has focused on mechanisms of phosphorus regulation and assimilation under phosphorus starvation conditions. In vivo models used to test particular mutant phenotypes include the mouse, guinea pig, and the hollow fiber model of latent TB infection. The guinea pig model of TB, which forms caseation necrosis as in human TB lesions, is also being used to study the sterilizing activity of novel drugs and drug combinations against persisters, with the ultimate goal of shortening anti-tuberculous chemotherapy.
Dr. Karakousis received his undergraduate degree in 1994 from the Johns Hopkins University and his medical degree in 1998 from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. He completed residency training in Internal Medicine in 2001 at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. After completing fellowship training in Infectious Diseases at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, he joined the faculty in 2005.
Business Address:
Center for Tuberculosis Research
Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Infectious Diseases
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
1550 Orleans St., Room 106
Baltimore, MD 21231
Tel: 410-502-8233
Fax: 410-614-8173
E-mail: petros@jhmi.edu
Publications: To read some of these publications online, click here. Please note that to read the full text of some of these articles requires that you have an online subscription to the journal.
Peer-reviewed articles:
1. Ahmad Z, Klinkenberg LG, Pinn ML , Fraig MM, Peloquin CA, Bishai WR, Nuermberger EL, Grosset J, Karakousis PC. Cessation of isoniazid’s potent early bactericidal activity in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis is not associated with the emergence of drug resistance (in press).
2. Rao NA, Albini TA, Kumaradas M, Pinn ML, Fraig MM, Karakousis PC. Experimental ocular tuberculosis in guinea pigs (in press).
3. Converse PJ, Karakousis PC, Klinkenberg LG, Kesavan AK, Ly LH, Allen SS, Grosset JH, Jain SK, Lamichhane G, Manabe YC, McMurray DN, Nuermberger EL, Bishai WR. The role of the DosR/DosS two-component regulatory system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence in three animal models. Infect. Immun. 2009;77:1230-37.
4. Klinkenberg L, Sutherland L, Bishai WR, Karakousis PC. Metronidazole lacks activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an in vivo hypoxic granuloma model of latency. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:275-83.
5. Karakousis PC, Williams EP, Bishai WR. Altered expression of isoniazid-regulated genes in drug-treated dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;61:323-31.
6. Lee, J-H, Karakousis PC, Bishai WR. Characterization of sigma factor regulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by SigB and SigF. J Bacteriol. 2008;190:699-707.
7. Williams EP, Lee JH, Bishai WR, Colantuoni C, Karakousis PC. Mycobacterium tuberculosis SigF regulates genes encoding cell wall-associated proteins and directly regulates the transcriptional regulatory gene phoY1. J Bacteriol. 2007;189:4234-42.
8. Jain SK, Hernandez-Abanto, Cheng Q-J, Singh P, Ly LH, Klinkenberg LG, Morrison NE, Converse PJ, Nuermberger EL, Grosset J, McMurray DN, Karakousis PC, Lamichhane G, Bishai WR. Accelerated detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes essential for bacterial survival in guinea pigs compared with mice. J Infect Dis. 2007;195:1634-42.
9. Riddell J 4th, Kaul DR, Karakousis PC, Gallant JE, Mitty J, Kazanjian PH. Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: Long term outcomes. J Transl Med. 2007;5:50.
10. Karakousis PC, Sifakis FG, Montes de Oca R, Amorosa VC, Page, KR, Manabe YC, Campbell J. Medical resident familiarity with national tuberculosis guidelines. BMC Infect Dis. 2007;7:89.
11. Karakousis PC, Yoshimatsu T, Lamichhane L, Woolwine SC, Nuermberger EL, Grosset J, Bishai WR. Dormancy phenotype displayed by extracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis within artificial granulomas in mice. J Exp Med. 2004; 200:647-57.
12. Karakousis PC, Bishai WR, Dorman SE. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope lipids and the host immune response. Cell Microbiol. 2004; 6:105-116.
13. Karakousis PC, Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004; 4:557-65.
14. Coppola AG, Karakousis PC, Metz DC, Go MF, Mhokashi M, Howden CW, Raufman JP, Sharma VK. Hepatitis C knowledge among primary care residents: is our teaching adequate for the times? Am J Gastroenterol. 2004; 99:1720-5.
15. Karakousis PC, John SK, Behling KC , Surace EM, Smith JE, Hendrickson A, Tang W-X, Bennett J, Milam AH. Localization of pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) in developing and adult human ocular tissues. Mol Vis. 2001; 7:154-163.
16. Canning BJ, Undem BJ, Karakousis PC, Dey RD. Effects of organotypic culture on parasympathetic innervation of guinea pig trachealis. Am J Physiol. 1996; 271:L698-L706.
Non-peer-reviewed articles:
1. Karakousis P, Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV-infected patients: geographic, behavioural, and immunological factors - Authors' reply. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005; 5:396.
2. Karakousis PC, Page KR, Bishai WR. From the IDSA meeting—Important new findings in HIV treatment and pathogenesis, 2003. Hopkins HIV Rep. 2004; 16:2-3.
Other media:
1. Karakousis PC, Bishai WR, Chaisson RE. Management of community-acquired pneumonia: Improving patient outcomes; a satellite symposium preceding the 40th IDSA Annual Meeting. JHU antibiotic guide website (http://hopkins-abxguide.org). Posted December 2002.
2. Karakousis PC, Bishai WR. Synopsis of key presentations at the 40th annual meeting of IDSA (October 24-27, 2002, Chicago). JHU antibiotic guide website (http://hopkins-abxguide.org). Posted November 2002.
3. Karakousis PC, Page KR, Bishai WR. Greetings from sunny (most of the time) San Dieg Highlights from the 41st annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. JHU antibiotic guide website (http://hopkins-abxguide.org). Posted November 2003.
Conference abstracts:
1. Karakousis PC, Yoshimatsu T, Jedlicka A, Bishai WR. Host immune factors responsible for the dormancy phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the hollow fiber model of latent tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis: Integrating Host and Pathogen Biology, Keystone Symposium, April 2005.
2. Karakousis PC, Yoshimatsu T, Lamichhane G, Woolwine SC, Nuermberger EL, Grosset J, Bishai WR. An in vivo granuloma model of latent tuberculosis infection. American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting, May 2004.
3. Karakousis PC, Yoshimatsu T, Nuermberger E, Yoder M, Grosset J, Bishai WR. The hollow fiber model of latent tuberculosis infection. Infectious Diseases Society of America Annual Meeting, October 2003.
4. Karakousis PC, Yoshimatsu T, Nuermberger E, Yoder M, Grosset J, Bishai WR. The hollow fiber encapsulation/implantation technique as a model for latent tuberculosis infection. Department of Medicine Annual Meeting, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, April 2003.
5. Knight AK, Karakousis PC, Levinson A. Warts as a presenting symptom of immunodeficiency. ACP-ASIM Annual Meeting, April 2002.
6. Karakousis PC, John SK, Behling KC , Surace EM, Smith JE, Hendrickson A, Tang W-X, Bennett J, Milam AH. Localization of pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) in developing and adult human ocular tissues. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, May 2001.
7. Coppola AG, Sharma VK, Raufman J-P, Karakousis PC, Metz DC, Go MF, Mhokashi M, Howden C. A survey of primary care residents’ opinions and practices related to hepatitis C (HCV). American Gastroenterological Association Annual Meeting, April 2000.
